Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that, in poor countries, a high fertility rate impedes the economic well-being of households and household members. The general objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of fertility trends on household economic well-being in Ethiopia. To do so, a household survey will be carried out in which parents are asked, in structured interviews, about their fertility behavior and their economic well-being over a reasonable time period. The structured interview will be supplemented by unstructured discussions (focus-group discussions) among samples of participants. Data will be analyzed both statistically and textually to understand the link between parents' fertility trends and conditions of the household's economic well-being. We expect to find that the fertility rate is declining and the economic well-being of households and household members is improving. It is also expected that the decline in fertility is influenced not just by family planning and use of contraceptives, but also by development policy and programs that created better access to labor force participation for women.